Norway

The tax is 78 percent and is composed of two elements:  28 percent is the base value which every company is subject to (CIT) and 50 percent is from extracting energy resources in Norway. The tax payer has the right to deduct his expenses from the base tax connected with the conducted work (i.e. research and development).  Apart from that the authorities impose environmental taxes connected with carbon oxide extraction (from emissions of nitrogen oxides and nitric oxide): the CO2 emission tax during extraction work in 2012 was 0.49 NOK/m3 of gas and in 2013 it is supposed to be twofold; the NOx emission tax was decided at 17 NOK/kg; however, the companies which join the special funds aimed at reducing nitrogen compounds emission, will pay the 11 NOK/kg rate from 2011 to 2017. However, these taxes can be deducted from the tax base. The country also has the right to decide on a referential oil price which will be the base for calculating the tax value, irrespective of the actual value agreed in the transaction by the entity. If the transaction price is higher than the "official" price, the excess will not be taxed. If the transaction price is lower than the "official" price, the tax will have to be calculated using the full "official" price. Norway also imposes so-called "area fees" paid by the owners of the extraction concessions, imposed so that workflow on individual fields is optimal. In the first years of conducting work on a given area the entity is exempted from this responsibility, then the fee gets higher each year, from 30 000 NOK/km2 to 120 000 NOK/km2 as the target value in the third and consecutive years.